A sprain occurs when ligaments, the tight bands of fibrous tissue that link two bones in your joints, strain or rip. An ankle sprain is the most frequent kind of injury. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation are used as part of the first therapy. Mild sprains may be treated effectively at home. To heal damaged ligaments in severe sprains, surgery is sometimes required.

A sprain affects the bands of tissue that join two bones together, while a strain affects a muscle or the band of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone.

Depending on the degree of the damage, the following signs and symptoms may appear:
Pain
Swelling
Bruising
The ability to move the afflicted joint is limited.
At the moment of the injury, you may hear or feel a "pop" in your joint.

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When should you go to the doctor?

Mild sprains may be treated in the comfort of your own home. Sprains, on the other hand, may result in more severe injuries, such as fractures. If you have any of the following symptoms, you should visit a doctor:
The afflicted joint is unable to move or bear weight.
Have discomfort in the area of a damaged joint's bones
Any aspect of the wounded area feels numb

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Causes

When you overextend or rupture a ligament while significantly straining a joint, you get a sprain. Sprains are common in the following situations:

Ankle Landing awkwardly after a leap while walking or exercising on an uneven area
Knee During the sporting activity, pivoting
Wrist During a fall, landing on an extended hand
Thumb Injuries sustained when skiing or overextension sustained while participating in racquet sports such as tennis
Near the extremities of their bones, children develop softer tissue called growth plates. Because the ligaments that surround a joint are generally stronger than these development plates, a fracture is more probable than a sprain in youngsters.

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Factors that are at risk

Environmental circumstances are one factor that contributes to sprains. You're more likely to be hurt on slick or uneven terrain.

Fatigue. Muscles that are tired are less likely to offer adequate joint support. You're more prone to succumb to factors that might stress a joint when you're sleepy.

Inadequate equipment. A sprain may be caused by ill-fitting or badly maintained footwear or other athletic equipment.

Prevention
As part of an overall physical conditioning program, regular stretching and strengthening exercises for your sport, fitness, or job activity may assist to reduce your risk of sprains. Don't play your sport to get in shape; rather, play your sport to get in shape. Regular fitness might help you avoid injuries if you work in a physically demanding job.

Long-term joint protection may be achieved by strengthening and conditioning the muscles around the afflicted joint. Your own "muscle brace" is the finest brace you can offer yourself. Inquire with your doctor about the best conditioning and stability workouts for you. Also, wear supportive and protective footwear.