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Trong ky nguyen chuyen doi so, cac loai cap quang dong vai tro la "mach mau" truyen dan toan bo du lieu internet toan cau. Tuy nhien, khong phai loai cap nao cung giong nhau. Viec hieu ro dac diem cua tung dong cap trong linh vuc Cap quang va cac loai cap mang la yeu to then chot de xay dung mot he thong on dinh va tiet kiem chi phi.
Xem Chi Tiet Bai Viet Tai: Cac loai cap quang
1. Phan loai theo che do truyen dan (Mode)
Day la tieu chuan quan trong nhat khi lua chon cap quang cho du an:
Tham Khao: Uu diem cap quang Single-mode
Cap quang Single-mode (SM): Co duong kinh loi cuc nho (khoang 9 micromet), chi cho phep mot tia sang truyen qua. Nho do, hien tuong tan sac rat thap, giup truyen du lieu di xa hang chuc kilomet ma khong can bo lap. Day la lua chon bat buoc cho duong truc vien thong va ket noi lien tinh.
Xem Them Tai: Cac loai cap quang pho bien trong linh vuc Cap quang
Cap quang Multi-mode (MM): Co loi lon hon (50 micromet hoac 62.5 micromet), cho phep nhieu tia sang truyen cung luc. Cac dong OM2, OM3, OM4 thuong duoc dung trong mang LAN noi bo hoac trung tam du lieu vi ho tro bang thong cuc lon o khoang cach ngan (duoi 2km).
Tham Khao Them Tai: Cac loai cap quang pho bien nhat trong he thong mang vien thong hien nay
2. Cac loai cap quang theo moi truong lap dat
Tuy vao dieu kien thuc te, vo cac loai cap quang duoc thiet ke khac nhau de bao ve soi quang:
Cap quang treo (ADSS/Hinh so 8): Thiet ke tu treo, co soi gia cuong thep hoac aramid, chiu duoc suc cang va tac dong cua gio bao tren cot dien.
Cap quang luon cong: Co vo cung, thuong kem lop bang thep chong gam nham, chuyen dung de keo trong he thong cong ngam do thi.
Cap quang chon truc tiep (Armored): Loai cap co giap sat kien co, chiu duoc ap luc nen cua dat, duoc chon thang xuong dat ma khong can ong bao ve.
Cap quang phoi trong nha (Indoor): Su dung vo nhua LSZH chong chay, deo dai, de thi cong trong cac mang cap toa nha.
3. Tai sao can chon dung loai cap mang quang?
Viec lua chon sai trong danh muc cac loai cap quang co the dan den hau qua nghiem trong:
Suy hao tin hieu: Su dung cap Multi-mode cho khoang cach qua xa se lam mat tin hieu.
Lang phi ngan sach: Dung cap Single-mode cho mang noi bo ngan se lam tang chi phi thiet bi dau cuoi (SFP/Converter).
Hong hoc vat ly: Dung cap trong nha cho moi truong ngoai troi se khien lop vo nhanh chong bi lao hoa va dut gay.
Loi ket: Hieu ro ve cac loai cap quang giup ban lam chu cong nghe va toi uu hoa ha tang mang. Neu ban dang len ke hoach thi cong, hay kiem tra ky khoang cach va moi truong de chon loai cap phu hop nhat.
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